Compare New Caledonia (2004) - Iraq (2003)

Compare New Caledonia (2004) z Iraq (2003)

	New Caledonia (2004)	Iraq (2003)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 provinces named Iles Loyaute, Nord, and Sud	18 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Anbar, Al Basrah, Al Muthanna, Al Qadisiyah, An Najaf, Arbil, As Sulaymaniyah, At Ta'mim, Babil, Baghdad, Dahuk, Dhi Qar, Diyala, Karbala', Maysan, Ninawa, Salah ad Din, Wasit
Age structure	0-14 years: 29.4% (male 32,076; female 30,772) 15-64 years: 64.3% (male 69,150; female 68,310) 65 years and over: 6.3% (male 6,259; female 7,112) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 40.7% (male 5,103,669; female 4,946,443) 15-64 years: 56.3% (male 7,033,268; female 6,855,644) 65 years and over: 3% (male 348,790; female 395,499) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	vegetables; beef, deer, other livestock products	wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, cotton; cattle, sheep
Airports	25 (2003 est.)	150 (2002); note - unknown number were damaged during the March-April 2003 war
Airports - with paved runways	total: 11 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)	total: 77 over 3,047 m: 21 2,438 to 3,047 m: 36 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 9 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)	total: 73 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 24 914 to 1,523 m: 28 under 914 m: 11 (2002)
Area	total: 19,060 sq km land: 18,575 sq km water: 485 sq km	total: 437,072 sq km land: 432,162 sq km water: 4,910 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than New Jersey	slightly more than twice the size of Idaho
Background	Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s has dissipated.	Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied by Britain during the course of World War I; in 1920, it was declared a League of Nations mandate under UK administration. In stages over the next dozen years, Iraq attained its independence as a kingdom in 1932. A "republic" was proclaimed in 1958, but in actuality a series of military strongmen have ruled the country since then, the latest being SADDAM Husayn. Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly eight-year war (1980-88). In August 1990, Iraq seized Kuwait, but was expelled by US-led, UN coalition forces during the Gulf War of January-February 1991. Following Kuwait's liberation, the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap all weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles and to allow UN verification inspections. Continued Iraqi noncompliance with UNSC resolutions over a period of 12 years resulted in the US-led invasion of Iraq in March 2003 and the ouster of the SADDAM Husayn regime. Coalition forces remain in Iraq, helping to restore degraded infrastructure and facilitating the establishment of a freely elected government.
Birth rate	18.98 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	33.66 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $861.3 million expenditures: $735.3 million, including capital expenditures of $52 million (1996 est.)	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital	Noumea	Baghdad
Climate	tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid	mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq
Coastline	2,254 km	58 km
Constitution	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)	in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies conventional short form: New Caledonia local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie	conventional long form: Republic of Iraq conventional short form: Iraq local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah local short form: Al Iraq
Currency	Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF); note - may adopt the euro in 2003	Iraqi dinar (IQD)
Death rate	5.64 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	5.84 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$79 million (1998 est.)	$120 billion (2002 est.)
Dependency status	overseas territory of France since 1956	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of France)	in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of France)	in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition
Disputes - international	Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu	despite restored diplomatic relations in 1990, disputes with Iran over maritime and land boundaries, navigation channel, and other issues from eight-year war persist; land and Shatt al Arab boundary demarcation put an end to claims to Kuwait and to Bubiyan and Warbah islands, but no maritime boundary exists with Kuwait in the Persian Gulf; Iraq protests Turkey's hydrological projects to regulate the Tigris and Euphrates rivers upstream
Economic aid - recipient	$880 million annual subsidy from France (1998)	$327.5 million (1995)
Economy - overview	New Caledonia has about 25% of the world's known nickel resources. Only a small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, substantial financial support from France - equal to more than one-fourth of GDP - and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. Substantial new investment in the nickel industry, combined with the recovery of global nickel prices, brightens the economic outlook for the next several years.	Iraq's economy is dominated by the oil sector, which has traditionally provided about 95% of foreign exchange earnings. In the 1980s financial problems caused by massive expenditures in the eight-year war with Iran and damage to oil export facilities by Iran led the government to implement austerity measures, borrow heavily, and later reschedule foreign debt payments; Iraq suffered economic losses from the war of at least $100 billion. After hostilities ended in 1988, oil exports gradually increased with the construction of new pipelines and restoration of damaged facilities. Iraq's seizure of Kuwait in August 1990, subsequent international economic sanctions, and damage from military action by an international coalition beginning in January 1991 drastically reduced economic activity. Although government policies supporting large military and internal security forces and allocating resources to key supporters of the regime have hurt the economy, implementation of the UN's oil-for-food program beginning in December 1996 helped improve conditions for the average Iraqi citizen. Iraq was allowed to export limited amounts of oil in exchange for food, medicine, and some infrastructure spare parts. In December 1999 the UN Security Council authorized Iraq to export under the program as much oil as required to meet humanitarian needs. Oil exports have recently been more than three-quarters prewar level. However, 28% of Iraq's export revenues under the program have been deducted to meet UN Compensation Fund and UN administrative expenses. The drop in GDP in 2001-02 was largely the result of the global economic slowdown and lower oil prices. Per capita food imports increased significantly, while medical supplies and health care services steadily improved. Per capita output and living standards were still well below the prewar level, but any estimates have a wide range of error. The military victory of the US-led coalition in March-April 2003 resulted in the shutdown of much of the central economic administrative structure and the loss of a comparatively small amount of capital plant.
Electricity - consumption	1.5 billion kWh (2001)	33.49 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	1.613 billion kWh (2001)	36.01 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 98.4% hydro: 1.6% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Panie 1,628 m	lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: unamed peak 3,611 m; note - this peak is not Gundah Zhur 3,607 m or Kuh-e Hajji-Ebrahim 3,595 m
Environment - current issues	erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires	government water control projects have drained most of the inhabited marsh areas east of An Nasiriyah by drying up or diverting the feeder streams and rivers; a once sizable population of Marsh Arabs, who inhabited these areas for thousands of years, has been displaced; furthermore, the destruction of the natural habitat poses serious threats to the area's wildlife populations; inadequate supplies of potable water; development of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers system contingent upon agreements with upstream riparian Turkey; air and water pollution; soil degradation (salination) and erosion; desertification
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Ethnic groups	Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3%	Arab 75%-80%, Kurdish 15%-20%, Turkoman, Assyrian or other 5%
Exchange rates	Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 105.73 (2003), 126.72 (2002), 133.26 (2001), 129.44 (2000), 111.93 (1999)	Iraqi dinars per US dollar - 0.31 (2002), 0.31 (2001), 0.31 (2000), 0.31 (1999), 0.31 (1998), note: fixed official rate since 1982; market rate subject to wide fluctuations
Executive branch	chief of state: President of France Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Commissioner Daniel CONSTANTIN (since 3 July 2002) head of government: President of the Government Marie-Noelle THEMEREAU (since 10 June 2004) cabinet: Consultative Committee elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the government elected by the members of the Territorial Congress; note - last election held 29 June 2004 when Marie-Noelle THEMEREAU was elected on the third vote with 8 votes for and 3 abstentions	chief of state: in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition
Exports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	ferronickels, nickel ore, fish	crude oil
Exports - partners	Japan 21.8%, France 19.2%, Taiwan 14%, Spain 11%, South Korea 8.5%, Australia 7.2%, Italy 5.1% (2003)	US 40.9%, Canada 8.2%, France 8.2%, Jordan 7.5%, Netherlands 6.4%, Italy 5.4%, Morocco 4.7%, Spain 4.4% (2002)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	the flag of France is used	three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with three green five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band; the phrase ALLAHU AKBAR (God is Great) in green Arabic script - Allahu to the right of the middle star and Akbar to the left of the middle star - was added in January 1991 during the Persian Gulf crisis; similar to the flag of Syria which has two stars but no script and the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt which has a symbolic eagle centered in the white band
GDP	purchasing power parity - $3.158 billion (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $58 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 5% industry: 30% services: 65% (1997 est.)	agriculture: 6% industry: 13% services: 81% (1993 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $15,000 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $2,400 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA	-3% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	21 30 S, 165 30 E	33 00 N, 44 00 E
Geography - note	consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the Pacific Ocean), the archipelago of Iles Loyaute, and numerous small, sparsely populated islands and atolls	strategic location on Shatt al Arab waterway and at the head of the Persian Gulf
Heliports	6 (2003 est.)	5 (2002)
Highways	total: 4,825 km paved: 2,287 km unpaved: 2,538 km (1999)	total: 45,550 km paved: 38,399 km unpaved: 7,151 km (2000 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs	food, medicine, manufactures
Imports - partners	France 46.1%, Australia 9.5%, Singapore 9.3%, New Zealand 4.3% (2003)	Jordan 11%, France 8.8%, China 8.4%, Germany 7.6%, Russia 7.3%, Australia 7.2%, Vietnam 6.6%, Italy 6.4%, Japan 5.6% (2002)
Independence	none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014	3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)
Industrial production growth rate	-0.6% (1996)	NA%
Industries	nickel mining and smelting	petroleum, chemicals, textiles, construction materials, food processing
Infant mortality rate	total: 7.89 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: 55.16 deaths/1,000 live births male: 61.09 deaths/1,000 live births female: 48.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-0.6% (2000 est.)	70% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	FZ, ICFTU, PIF (observer), UPU, WFTU, WMO	ABEDA, ACC, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, EAPC, ESCWA, FAO, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	160 sq km (1991)	35,250 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court	in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition
Labor force	79,400 (including 15,018 unemployed, 1996)	6.5 million (2002 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 7%, industry 23%, services 70% (1999 est.)	agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 3,650 km border countries: Iran 1,458 km, Jordan 181 km, Kuwait 240 km, Saudi Arabia 814 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey 352 km
Land use	arable land: 0.38% permanent crops: 0.33% other: 99.29% (2001)	arable land: 11.89% permanent crops: 0.78% other: 87.33% (1998 est.)
Languages	French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects	Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian
Legal system	the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands; formerly under French law	in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition
Legislative branch	unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres Territorial (54 seats; members are members of the three Provincial Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 9 May 2004 (next to be held NA 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPCR-UMP 16, AE 16, UNI-FLNKS 8, UE 7, FN 4, others 3 note: New Caledonia currently holds 1 seat in the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 2001 (next to be held not later than September 2007; between now and 2010 New Caledonia will gain a second seat in the French Senate); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; New Caledonia also elects 2 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 and 16 June 2002 (next to be held by June 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2	in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 73.78 years male: 70.82 years female: 76.89 years (2004 est.)	total population: 67.81 years male: 66.7 years female: 68.99 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91% male: 92% female: 90% (1976 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 40.4% male: 55.9% female: 24.4% (2003 est.)
Location	Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia	Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait
Map references	Oceania	Middle East
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	continental shelf: not specified territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,261 GRT/1,600 DWT by type: cargo 1 foreign-owned: Malaysia 1 registered in other countries: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 18 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 119,433 GRT/170,221 DWT ships by type: cargo 9, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 6, roll on/roll off 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	-
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; French Armed Forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie); Police Force	Army, Republican Guard, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Force, Border Guard Force, Fedayeen Saddam; note - with the defeat of Saddam Hussein's regime in 2003, the data listed in the following entries for Iraq is invalid, but is retained here for historical purposes and until replaced by valid information related to the future Iraqi Government (April 2003)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	NA	$1.3 billion (FY00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA	NA%
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 6,339,458 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 3,541,467 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	18 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 292,930 (2003 est.)
National holiday	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)	Revolution Day, 17 July (1968)
Nationality	noun: New Caledonian(s) adjective: New Caledonian	noun: Iraqi(s) adjective: Iraqi
Natural hazards	cyclones, most frequent from November to March	dust storms, sandstorms, floods
Natural resources	nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper	petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines	-	gas 1,739 km; oil 5,418 km; refined products 1,343 km (2003)
Political parties and leaders	Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX]; Caleonian Union or UC [leader NA]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Francois BURCK]; Front National or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS [leader NA] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE and Elie POIGOUNE]; Rally for Caledonia in the Republic (anti independent) or RPCR-UMP [Jacques LAFLEUR]; The Future Together or AE [Harold MARTIN]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; note - may no longer exist, but Paul NEAOUTYINE has since become a president of Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Victor TUTUGORO]	in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition
Population	213,679 (July 2004 est.)	24,683,313 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	NA
Population growth rate	1.33% (2004 est.)	2.78% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Mueo, Noumea, Thio	Umm Qasr, Khawr az Zubayr, and Al Basrah have limited functionality
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 19 (5 are inactive), FM 51, shortwave 4 (1998)
Railways	-	total: 1,963 km standard gauge: 1,963 km 1.435-m gauge (2003)
Religions	Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%	Muslim 97% (Shi'a 60%-65%, Sunni 32%-37%), Christian or other 3%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	formerly 18 years of age; universal; note - in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 687; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)	general assessment: an unknown number of telecommunication facilities were damaged during the March-April 2003 war domestic: the network consists of coaxial cables and microwave radio relay links international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Arabsat (inoperative); coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Jordan, Kuwait, Syria, and Turkey; Kuwait line is probably nonoperational
Telephones - main lines in use	52,000 (2002)	675,000 (1997); note - an unknown number of telephone lines were damaged or destroyed during the March-April war
Telephones - mobile cellular	80,000 (2002)	NA; service available in northern Iraq (2001)
Television broadcast stations	6 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1997)	13 (1997); note - unknown number were destroyed during the March-April 2003 war
Terrain	coastal plains with interior mountains	mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey
Total fertility rate	2.35 children born/woman (2004 est.)	4.52 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	19% (1996)	NA%
Waterways	-	1,015 km note: Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic for about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 m and is in use; Tigris and Euphrates Rivers have navigable sections for shallow-draft boats; Shatt al Basrah canal was navigable by shallow-draft craft before closing in 1991 because of the Gulf war

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